The ratio between the sale price and the cost price of an article is 7

The ratio between the sale price and the cost price of an article is 7:4. What is the ratio between the profit and the cost price of that article?

3:4
4:3
5:4
7:3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2024
The correct answer is 3:4.
The ratio between the sale price (SP) and the cost price (CP) of an article is given as 7:4.
This means that for every 4 units of cost price, the sale price is 7 units.
We can represent this by saying SP = 7k and CP = 4k, where k is a positive constant.
Profit (P) is calculated as the difference between the sale price and the cost price:
Profit (P) = Sale Price (SP) – Cost Price (CP)
P = 7k – 4k = 3k.
The question asks for the ratio between the profit and the cost price.
Ratio = Profit : Cost Price = P : CP
Ratio = 3k : 4k.
Since k is a common factor in both terms of the ratio (and k is not zero), we can cancel k:
Ratio = 3 : 4.
Profit percentage is calculated as $(\text{Profit} / \text{Cost Price}) \times 100\%$. In this case, the profit percentage would be $(3k / 4k) \times 100\% = (3/4) \times 100\% = 75\%$. The ratio of SP to CP being greater than 1 indicates a profit; if it were less than 1, it would indicate a loss.
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