The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
The Punjab government has taken several initiatives to address the issue of declining sex ratio, such as the Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao scheme, Ladli Foundation, and Mukhyamantri Kanya Suraksha Yojana.
The Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao scheme is a national scheme launched by the Government of India in 2015 to address the issue of declining sex ratio. The scheme aims to create awareness about the importance of girl child education and to provide incentives to families who have girl children.
The Ladli Foundation is a state government scheme launched in 2008 to improve the health and education of girl children in Punjab. The scheme provides financial assistance to girl children for their education, health, and marriage.
The Mukhyamantri Kanya Suraksha Yojana is a state government scheme launched in 2011 to provide financial assistance to families of girl children who are victims of violence. The scheme also provides for the education and rehabilitation of girl children who are victims of violence.
These initiatives are aimed at addressing the root causes of the declining sex ratio in Punjab, such as female foeticide, gender discrimination, and lack of education and employment opportunities for women.