The Punjab Bureau of Mines and Geology plays a role in:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above.

The Punjab Bureau of Mines and Geology is a government agency responsible for the exploration, regulation, and management of mineral resources in the Indian state of Punjab. The Bureau carries out a variety of activities, including:

• Mineral exploration: The Bureau conducts geological surveys and other investigations to identify potential mineral deposits.
• Regulation of mining activities: The Bureau issues licenses and permits for mining activities, and enforces regulations to ensure the safe and environmentally sound operation of mines.
• Geological mapping: The Bureau produces geological maps of the state, which are used for a variety of purposes, including mineral exploration, land use planning, and infrastructure development.

The Bureau also provides technical assistance to the mining industry, and conducts research on mineral resources.