The process of using microbes to treat areas of land or sea that have

The process of using microbes to treat areas of land or sea that have been contaminated by pesticides, oil or solvents is known as :

Eutrophication
Nitrification
Ammonification
Bioremediation
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2016
The process of using microbes (or other biological agents) to remove pollutants from contaminated areas is known as bioremediation.
– Bioremediation utilizes the natural metabolic capabilities of microorganisms to degrade, transform, or immobilize contaminants in soil, water, or air.
– It is an environmentally friendly approach compared to some physical or chemical cleanup methods.
– Examples include using bacteria to break down oil spills or industrial solvents.
– Eutrophication is the process of nutrient enrichment in a water body, leading to excessive algal growth.
– Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and then nitrate, performed by specific bacteria in the nitrogen cycle.
– Ammonification is the process by which organic nitrogen compounds are decomposed to produce ammonia or ammonium ions, also part of the nitrogen cycle.