The correct answer is: D. Galvanization
Galvanization is the process of coating iron or steel with a thin layer of zinc to protect it from corrosion. The zinc layer acts as a sacrificial anode, meaning that it will corrode instead of the iron or steel underneath. This process is commonly used to protect water pipes, nails, and other metal objects that are exposed to the elements.
A. Zinc plating is a similar process, but it uses a thicker layer of zinc. This is often done to create a decorative finish or to provide additional protection against corrosion.
B. Alloy formation is the process of combining two or more metals to create a new material with different properties. This is not the same as galvanization, as the zinc layer is not chemically bonded to the iron or steel.
C. Vulcanization is a process that is used to treat rubber. It involves heating the rubber with sulfur, which causes it to cross-link and become more durable. This process is not related to galvanization.