The princely state of Hyderabad, of which parts were in present-day Karnataka, was ruled by the:

Nizams
Adil Shahis
Marathas
Mughals

The correct answer is A) Nizams.

The Nizams were a Muslim dynasty that ruled the princely state of Hyderabad from 1724 to 1948. The state was located in the Deccan Plateau of southern India, and it included parts of present-day Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. The Nizams were originally appointed as viceroys of the Mughal Empire, but they gradually became independent rulers. They were known for their wealth and their patronage of the arts. The Nizams were overthrown in 1948, and the state of Hyderabad was merged with the Indian Union.

The Adil Shahis were a Muslim dynasty that ruled the Deccan Plateau of southern India from 1490 to 1686. The state was founded by Yusuf Adil Shah, who was a general in the Bahmani Sultanate. The Adil Shahis were known for their military prowess and their patronage of the arts. The state was overthrown by the Mughal Empire in 1686.

The Marathas were a Hindu warrior group that emerged in the 17th century in the Deccan Plateau of southern India. The Marathas were led by Shivaji Maharaj, who founded the Maratha Empire. The Marathas were known for their military prowess and their resistance to Mughal rule. The Maratha Empire reached its peak under the rule of Bajirao I in the 18th century.

The Mughals were a Muslim dynasty that ruled most of India from the 16th to the 18th centuries. The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur, who was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan. The Mughals were known for their military prowess, their patronage of the arts, and their construction of magnificent buildings. The Mughal Empire began to decline in the 18th century, and it was finally overthrown in 1857.