The correct answer is: a) Swidden.
Swidden, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture, is a traditional agricultural system in which the natural vegetation is cut down and burned, and the ashes are used to fertilize the soil. The land is then used for a few years, until the soil becomes depleted, and then it is abandoned and allowed to regenerate. Swidden is a common practice in many parts of the world, including Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America.
Jhum is a type of swidden agriculture that is practiced in the state of Mizoram in India. Jhum cultivation is a complex system that involves a number of different steps. The first step is to clear a piece of land by cutting down the trees and shrubs. The vegetation is then burned, and the ashes are used to fertilize the soil. The land is then planted with crops, such as rice, maize, and millet. The crops are harvested after a few months, and then the land is abandoned and allowed to regenerate.
Terrace farming is a type of agriculture that is practiced on steep slopes. Terraces are built on the slopes to create a series of flat surfaces. The terraces are then planted with crops. Terrace farming helps to prevent soil erosion and to conserve water.
Contour farming is a type of agriculture that is practiced on sloping land. Contour farming involves planting crops along the contours of the land. This helps to prevent soil erosion and to conserve water.