The correct answer is A) Kochi and Kannur.
The Portuguese established trading posts and forts in Kochi and Kannur in the 16th century. Kochi was the first major port in India to be occupied by the Portuguese, and it remained an important trading center for them for over 100 years. Kannur was also a major trading center for the Portuguese, and it was the site of their first fort in India.
The Portuguese were interested in India for its spices, which were in high demand in Europe. They also wanted to establish a presence in India to counter the growing power of the Ottoman Empire. The Portuguese were able to establish trading posts and forts in Kochi and Kannur because they were able to defeat the local rulers.
The Portuguese presence in India had a significant impact on the region. They introduced new crops and technologies, and they also converted many people to Christianity. However, the Portuguese also exploited the local people and resources, and they were eventually driven out of India in the 17th century.
Option B is incorrect because Kozhikode and Kollam were not major trading centers for the Portuguese. Option C is incorrect because Thiruvananthapuram and Alappuzha were not occupied by the Portuguese until the 17th century. Option D is incorrect because Wayanad and Idukki are not coastal areas and were not suitable for trading posts.