The phenomenon of 'demographic dividend' of a country relates to

The phenomenon of ‘demographic dividend’ of a country relates to

a sharp decline in total population

an increase in working age population

a decline in infant mortality rate

an increase in sex ratio

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-2 – 2017

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The phenomenon of ‘demographic dividend’ refers to the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population’s age structure, primarily when the proportion of the working-age population (usually 15 to 64 years) is larger than the non-working-age share of the population.

It is characterized by a bulge in the working-age population relative to dependents (children and elderly), leading to a potentially larger workforce and higher savings rate.

This demographic shift typically occurs during a country’s demographic transition when fertility rates decline, leading to fewer young dependents, and mortality rates decline, leading to increased life expectancy. A decline in total population or an increase in sex ratio are not the primary definitions of demographic dividend, although infant mortality decline contributes to the demographic transition that enables the dividend.

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