The out-migration of skilled professionals from Sikkim can lead to:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above.

The out-migration of skilled professionals from Sikkim can lead to a number of negative consequences for the state, including:

• Labor shortages: When skilled professionals leave a state, it can lead to a shortage of workers in that field. This can make it difficult for businesses to find qualified employees, which can hurt the state’s economy.
• Brain drain: The out-migration of skilled professionals is often referred to as “brain drain.” This is because it can deprive the state of its most talented and educated workers. This can have a negative impact on the state’s ability to innovate and compete in the global economy.
• Reduced investment in the state: When skilled professionals leave a state, it can also lead to reduced investment in that state. This is because businesses are less likely to invest in a state where there is a shortage of skilled workers.

In conclusion, the out-migration of skilled professionals from Sikkim can have a number of negative consequences for the state. These consequences include labor shortages, brain drain, and reduced investment in the state.