The correct answer is: A. 3
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that promotes international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. Its goals include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict.
The UN’s six principal organs are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat.
- The General Assembly is the main deliberative organ of the UN. It is composed of all member states, each of which has one vote. The General Assembly meets in regular sessions every year, and in special sessions when necessary.
- The Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It has 15 members, five of which are permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and 10 of which are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms. The Security Council has the power to adopt resolutions that are binding on all member states.
- The Economic and Social Council is responsible for promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. It has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly for three-year terms.
- The Trusteeship Council was established to oversee the administration of trust territories, which were territories that were not self-governing and were placed under the administration of a trusteeship agreement with the UN. The Trusteeship Council completed its work in 1994, when the last trust territory, Palau, became independent.
- The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the UN. It settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized UN organs and specialized agencies.
- The UN Secretariat is the administrative organ of the UN. It is headed by the Secretary-General, who is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. The Secretariat provides support to the other UN organs and agencies, and carries out the day-to-day work of the UN.