The correct answer is: b) Invasions.
Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan were Mysorean rulers who invaded Kerala in the 18th century. Their invasions had a significant impact on the region, leading to the destruction of many temples and palaces, and the displacement of thousands of people.
Hyder Ali was the first Mysorean ruler to invade Kerala. He invaded the region in 1766, and again in 1771. His invasions were motivated by a desire to expand his territory and to gain control of the spice trade. Hyder Ali’s invasions were successful, and he captured many parts of Kerala, including the city of Kozhikode.
Tipu Sultan, Hyder Ali’s son, continued his father’s policy of expansion. He invaded Kerala in 1782, and again in 1789. Tipu Sultan’s invasions were even more destructive than his father’s. He destroyed many temples and palaces, and he enslaved thousands of people. Tipu Sultan’s invasions led to a great deal of suffering in Kerala.
The Mysorean invasions had a significant impact on the history of Kerala. They led to the destruction of many cultural and historical sites, and they caused the displacement of thousands of people. The invasions also had a long-term impact on the region’s economy and society.
a) Trade agreements: Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan did not have any trade agreements with Kerala.
b) Invasions: Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan invaded Kerala in the 18th century. Their invasions had a significant impact on the region, leading to the destruction of many temples and palaces, and the displacement of thousands of people.
c) Diplomatic alliances: Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan did not have any diplomatic alliances with Kerala.
d) Religious reforms: Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan did not have any religious reforms in Kerala.