The correct answer is (d). Hugo de Vries.
Hugo de Vries was a Dutch botanist who first proposed the mutation theory of evolution in 1901. He argued that evolution is driven by sudden, large changes in an organism’s DNA, rather than by gradual changes as proposed by Charles Darwin.
Huxley was a British biologist and anthropologist who was a strong supporter of Darwin’s theory of evolution. Lamarck was a French naturalist who proposed a theory of evolution that was based on the idea that organisms can pass on acquired characteristics to their offspring.
The mutation theory of evolution is now widely accepted as one of the main mechanisms of evolution. It is supported by evidence from a variety of sources, including studies of the fossil record, genetic analysis, and experiments with laboratory organisms.