The correct answer is: A. universal motor
A universal motor is a type of electric motor that can be powered by either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). It is a series-wound motor, which means that the field winding and the armature winding are connected in series. This type of motor is often used in small appliances and tools, such as lathes, drills, and saws.
A DC motor is a type of electric motor that is powered by direct current. It has a stator with a permanent magnet and an armature with windings that are connected to a commutator. The commutator is a rotating switch that changes the direction of current flow in the armature windings, which causes the motor to rotate.
A single-phase capacitor run motor is a type of electric motor that is powered by single-phase alternating current. It has a stator with two windings, a main winding and a starting winding. The main winding is connected to the power supply, and the starting winding is connected to the power supply through a capacitor. The capacitor causes the starting winding to have a higher current than the main winding, which causes the motor to start rotating.
A 3-phase synchronous motor is a type of electric motor that is powered by three-phase alternating current. It has a stator with three windings that are arranged in a star or delta configuration. The windings are connected to the power supply, and the motor rotates at a constant speed that is synchronized with the frequency of the power supply.
In conclusion, the motor used on small lathes is usually a universal motor. A universal motor is a type of electric motor that can be powered by either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). It is a series-wound motor, which means that the field winding and the armature winding are connected in series. This type of motor is often used in small appliances and tools, such as lathes, drills, and saws.