The most significant ‘variable gases’ in the atmosphere are

The most significant ‘variable gases’ in the atmosphere are

oxygen and carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide and nitrogen
water vapour and carbon dioxide
water vapour and oxygen
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UPSC Geoscientist – 2022
Variable gases in the atmosphere are those whose concentrations change significantly over time and space. Water vapour (H2O) is the most variable gas, with concentrations varying widely depending on temperature, location, and weather conditions. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is also a variable gas, with seasonal cycles and significant long-term increase due to human activities. Both are major greenhouse gases.
– Nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) are the most abundant gases but are considered permanent or fixed gases because their global concentrations are relatively constant (around 78% N2 and 21% O2).
– Variable gases like water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone exist in much smaller concentrations but play crucial roles in atmospheric processes, particularly climate and weather.
Water vapour is the most potent greenhouse gas, although its concentration is highly variable. Carbon dioxide is a less potent greenhouse gas molecule-for-molecule than some others (like methane) but its higher concentration and long atmospheric lifetime make it a primary driver of current climate change.