The correct answer is: c) Smallholder farming.
Smallholder farming is the practice of farming small plots of land, typically by a family or small group of people. It is the most common form of land ownership in Punjab, accounting for over 80% of all landholdings. Smallholder farmers typically grow a variety of crops, including wheat, rice, maize, and vegetables. They also raise livestock, such as cattle, buffalo, and goats.
Smallholder farming is a sustainable form of agriculture that helps to protect the environment. It also helps to improve food security and reduce poverty. However, smallholder farmers face a number of challenges, including climate change, pests and diseases, and low prices for their produce.
Collective farming is a system of agriculture in which land is owned and worked by a group of people, usually as a cooperative. Tenant farming is a system of agriculture in which a farmer rents land from a landowner and pays rent in the form of a share of the crop. Plantation agriculture is a system of agriculture in which large areas of land are used to grow a single crop, such as sugar cane or bananas.