The correct answer is: C) Anti-colonial sentiment.
The Moplah Outbreaks were a series of rebellions by the Moplah Muslims of Malabar, India, against the British Raj and Hindu landlords in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The rebellions were motivated by a combination of factors, including religious persecution, economic hardship, and anti-colonial sentiment.
The Moplahs were a Muslim community that had lived in Malabar for centuries. They were a distinct ethnic group with their own language, culture, and religion. The Moplahs had a long history of conflict with the Hindu landlords, who were the dominant social and economic group in Malabar. The landlords often exploited the Moplahs, who were poor and landless.
In the late 19th century, the British Raj began to consolidate its control over Malabar. The British introduced new laws and taxes that further alienated the Moplahs. The Moplahs also resented the British support for the Hindu landlords.
In 1896, the Moplahs launched a rebellion against the British and Hindu landlords. The rebellion was brutally suppressed by the British, but it marked the beginning of a new phase of anti-colonial sentiment among the Moplahs.
In 1921, the Moplahs launched another rebellion against the British. This rebellion was also brutally suppressed by the British, but it further radicalized the Moplahs and led to the formation of the Moplah National Congress, a political party that advocated for Moplah independence.
The Moplah Outbreaks were a significant event in the history of the Indian independence movement. They showed that the Indian people were willing to fight for their independence, even if it meant resorting to violence. The Moplah Outbreaks also helped to unite the Indian people against British rule.
The other options are incorrect because they do not fully explain the Moplah Outbreaks.
- Option A, communal tensions, is not a complete explanation because it does not take into account the other factors that contributed to the Moplah Outbreaks, such as economic hardship and anti-colonial sentiment.
- Option B, class conflict, is also not a complete explanation because it does not take into account the religious factor. The Moplahs were a Muslim community, and their rebellion was partly motivated by religious persecution.
- Option D, religious persecution, is a partial explanation, but it does not take into account the other factors that contributed to the Moplah Outbreaks, such as economic hardship and anti-colonial sentiment.