The correct answer is: D. All of the above.
The modern theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth’s surface is made up of a number of rigid plates that move relative to each other. These plates are constantly in motion, and their movement is driven by convection currents in the Earth’s mantle. The movement of the plates causes the creation of new oceanic crust at the mid-ocean ridges, the destruction of oceanic crust at subduction zones, and the collision of continental plates.
The creation of new oceanic crust occurs at the mid-ocean ridges, where two plates are moving apart. As the plates move apart, magma rises from the Earth’s mantle and cools to form new oceanic crust. The destruction of oceanic crust occurs at subduction zones, where one plate is moving under another. As the plate is subducted, it is melted and recycled back into the Earth’s mantle. The collision of continental plates can cause the formation of mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes.
The theory of plate tectonics is a unifying theory that explains the movement of the Earth’s plates and the features that are created by their movement. It is a well-tested theory that has been supported by a wide range of evidence.