The correct answer is: a) Mining activities in India.
The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 is an act of the Parliament of India to provide for the regulation of mines and minerals development and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. The Act provides for the grant of mining leases, the regulation of mining operations, the prevention of environmental pollution caused by mining activities, and the rehabilitation of mining areas.
The Act does not govern the export of minerals, the protection of tribal rights in mining areas, or environmental safeguards for mining. These matters are governed by other laws, such as the Minerals (Regulation of Trade) Act, 1962, the Forest Conservation Act, 1980, and the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 is a complex and comprehensive law that regulates all aspects of mining in India. The Act is administered by the Ministry of Mines, Government of India.