The correct answer is $\boxed{\text{B}}$.
To find the eigenvalues of a matrix, we can use the characteristic polynomial. The characteristic polynomial of a matrix $A$ is given by
$$p(x) = \det(xI – A)$$
where $I$ is the identity matrix.
In this case, the characteristic polynomial is
$$p(x) = \det \begin{bmatrix} x – 1 & 2 & 4 \\ 3 & x – 0 & 6 \\ 1 & 1 & x – p \end{bmatrix} = (x – 1)(x – p)(x – 3)$$
Therefore, the eigenvalues of the matrix are $1$, $p$, and $3$.
Since one of the eigenvalues is $3$, the sum of the other two eigenvalues is $p$.