The correct answer is c) Zamorins.
The Mamankam festival was a grand event associated with the Zamorins, the rulers of the erstwhile kingdom of Calicut in Kerala, India. It was held every 12 years for 10 days, and was a major cultural and religious event. The festival was attended by people from all over the world, and was a time of great celebration and feasting.
The Mamankam festival was first held in the 13th century, and continued to be held until the 18th century. It was abolished by the British in 1766, after the Zamorins were defeated in battle.
The Mamankam festival was a time of great religious significance for the Zamorins. It was a time to celebrate the victory of the Zamorins over their enemies, and to pay tribute to the gods. The festival was also a time of great social significance, as it was a time for people from all over the kingdom to come together and celebrate.
The Mamankam festival was a grand event, and it is still remembered today. It is a reminder of the rich history and culture of Kerala.
The other options are incorrect because they are not associated with the Mamankam festival.
a) The Kulasekharas were a dynasty of rulers who ruled Kerala from the 9th to the 13th centuries. They were not associated with the Mamankam festival.
b) The Venad rulers were a dynasty of rulers who ruled Kerala from the 13th to the 16th centuries. They were not associated with the Mamankam festival.
d) The Portuguese were a European power who arrived in Kerala in the 15th century. They were not associated with the Mamankam festival.