The major product (X) of the monobromination reaction is:
[Image of a chemical reaction with the following reactants and products:
- Reactants: 1-bromopropane and bromine
- Products: 2-bromopropane and 1-bromo-2-propanol]
The major product is 2-bromopropane, which is formed by the addition of bromine to the carbon-carbon double bond in 1-bromopropane. The addition of bromine to a double bond is a type of electrophilic addition reaction. In an electrophilic addition reaction, an electrophile (a species that is electron-deficient) attacks a nucleophile (a species that is electron-rich). In this case, the electrophile is bromine, and the nucleophile is the carbon-carbon double bond in 1-bromopropane. The bromine atom attacks the carbon-carbon double bond, and the electrons in the double bond are shared between the bromine atom and the carbon atom. This results in the formation of a new carbon-bromine bond and the breaking of the carbon-carbon double bond. The product of this reaction is 2-bromopropane.
1-Bromo-2-propanol is also a possible product of the monobromination reaction, but it is formed in a much smaller amount than 2-bromopropane. This is because the addition of bromine to the carbon-carbon double bond is a concerted reaction, which means that it occurs in a single step. In a concerted reaction, the transition state is very similar to the product, and there is no intermediate species formed. The transition state for the addition of bromine to the carbon-carbon double bond is shown below:
[Image of a chemical reaction with the following reactants and products:
- Reactants: 1-bromopropane and bromine
- Transition state: A three-membered ring with bromine, carbon, and hydrogen atoms]
The transition state for the addition of bromine to the carbon-carbon double bond is a three-membered ring with bromine, carbon, and hydrogen atoms. This transition state is very similar to the product, 2-bromopropane, which means that the addition of bromine to the carbon-carbon double bond is a very fast reaction. The addition of bromine to the alcohol group in 1-bromo-2-propanol, on the other hand, is a much slower reaction. This is because the transition state for the addition of bromine to the alcohol group is a much higher energy state than the transition state for the addition of bromine to the carbon-carbon double bond. The transition state for the addition of bromine to the alcohol group is shown below:
[Image of a chemical reaction with the following reactants and products:
- Reactants: 1-bromopropane and bromine
- Transition state: A four-membered ring with bromine, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms]
The transition state for the addition of bromine to the alcohol group is a four-membered ring with bromine, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms. This transition state is much higher in energy than the transition state for the addition of bromine to the carbon-carbon double bond. This is because the four-membered ring is much more strained than the three-membered ring. The strain in the four-membered ring makes it more difficult for the bromine atom to attack the alcohol group, which results in a slower reaction.
In conclusion, the major product of the monobromination reaction is 2-bromopropane. 1-Bromo-2-propanol is also a possible product of the reaction, but it is formed in a much smaller amount than 2-bromopropane. This is because the addition of bromine to the carbon-carbon double bond is a concerted reaction, which means that it occurs in a single step. The transition state for the addition of bromine to the carbon-carbon double bond is very similar to the product, 2-bromopropane, which means that the addition of bromine to the carbon-carbon double bond is a very fast reaction. The addition of bromine to the alcohol group in 1-bromo-2-propanol, on the other hand, is a much slower reaction. This is because the transition state for the addition of bromine to the alcohol group is a much higher energy state than the transition state for the addition of bromine to the carbon-carbon double bond.