The major mode of transportation for short distances within Bihar is:

Bus
Train
Rickshaw
Airplane

The correct answer is bus. Buses are the most common mode of transportation for short distances within Bihar. They are relatively inexpensive and can be found in most parts of the state. Buses are also a good option for traveling between cities and towns.

Trains are another popular mode of transportation within Bihar. They are more comfortable than buses and offer a more scenic view. However, trains are not as frequent as buses and can be more expensive.

Rickshaws are a popular mode of transportation in urban areas of Bihar. They are a good option for short trips within a city or town. However, rickshaws can be slow and uncomfortable.

Airplanes are not a practical option for short distances within Bihar. They are expensive and there are only a few airports in the state.

In conclusion, the major mode of transportation for short distances within Bihar is bus. Buses are relatively inexpensive, frequent, and can be found in most parts of the state. They are also a good option for traveling between cities and towns.