The correct answer is: a) Canals and tubewells.
Canals and tubewells are the main sources of irrigation in Punjab. Canals are artificial waterways that are used to transport water from rivers or reservoirs to agricultural fields. Tubewells are wells that are drilled into the ground to extract groundwater.
Canal irrigation is a traditional method of irrigation that has been used in Punjab for centuries. It is a relatively inexpensive method of irrigation, and it can be used to irrigate large areas of land. However, canal irrigation can be inefficient, as water can be lost through evaporation and seepage.
Tubewell irrigation is a more modern method of irrigation that has become increasingly popular in Punjab in recent years. It is a more efficient method of irrigation than canal irrigation, as water can be delivered directly to the roots of the plants. However, tubewell irrigation can be expensive, and it can also lead to groundwater depletion.
Tanks and ponds are also used for irrigation in Punjab, but they are not as important as canals and tubewells. Tanks are artificial reservoirs that are used to store rainwater. Ponds are natural or artificial bodies of water that are used to store water for irrigation.
Drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation are also used in Punjab, but they are not as common as canal and tubewell irrigation. Drip irrigation is a method of irrigation in which water is delivered directly to the roots of the plants through a network of small pipes. Sprinkler irrigation is a method of irrigation in which water is sprayed onto the crops from above.
Both drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation are more efficient methods of irrigation than canal and tubewell irrigation. However, they are also more expensive.