The main constituents of atmospheric air are Oxygen (O₂) and Nitrogen

The main constituents of atmospheric air are Oxygen (O₂) and Nitrogen (N₂). The composition of O₂ and N₂ is approximately :

29% and 70% respectively.
19% and 80% respectively.
21% and 78% respectively.
23% and 76% respectively.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2022
The Earth’s atmosphere is primarily a mixture of gases. The two most abundant gases in dry atmospheric air are Nitrogen (N₂) and Oxygen (O₂).
The approximate composition of dry atmospheric air by volume is:
Nitrogen (N₂) ≈ 78.09%
Oxygen (O₂) ≈ 20.95%
Argon (Ar) ≈ 0.93%
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) ≈ 0.04%
Trace gases (Neon, Helium, Methane, Krypton, Hydrogen, etc.) make up the rest. Water vapor is also present, but its concentration varies significantly depending on location and weather. The question likely refers to dry air composition.

Looking at the options for the composition of O₂ and N₂:
A) 29% O₂, 70% N₂
B) 19% O₂, 80% N₂
C) 21% O₂, 78% N₂
D) 23% O₂, 76% N₂

Comparing these options to the actual percentages (≈20.95% O₂ and ≈78.09% N₂), option C (21% and 78%) is the closest approximation.

– Atmospheric air is a mixture of gases.
– The main constituents are Nitrogen (N₂) and Oxygen (O₂).
– Their approximate percentages by volume are about 78% Nitrogen and 21% Oxygen.
While Nitrogen and Oxygen make up the vast majority of the atmosphere (about 99%), the remaining 1% includes important gases like Argon, which is the third most abundant gas, and Carbon Dioxide, which plays a significant role in the greenhouse effect, despite its small concentration. These percentages can be taught as roughly 4/5th Nitrogen and 1/5th Oxygen for simplification, but 78% and 21% are more accurate approximate figures often cited.