The Madras Presidency played an important role in the Indian freedom struggle, being a hub for:

Intellectual debates
Political movements
Revolutionary activities
All of the above

The correct answer is: d) All of the above

The Madras Presidency was a major center of intellectual, political, and revolutionary activity during the Indian independence movement.

  • Intellectual debates: The Madras Presidency was home to a number of prominent Indian intellectuals, such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy, who played a leading role in the development of Indian nationalism. The city of Madras was also a major center of publishing and education, which helped to spread new ideas about Indian independence.
  • Political movements: The Madras Presidency was also a hotbed of political activity. The Indian National Congress, the leading organization in the Indian independence movement, was founded in Madras in 1885. The city was also home to a number of other political organizations, such as the Justice Party, which campaigned for the rights of non-Brahmins.
  • Revolutionary activities: The Madras Presidency was also a center of revolutionary activity. The city of Madras was home to a number of revolutionary organizations, such as the Indian National Army, which fought against British rule.

The Madras Presidency played a vital role in the Indian independence movement. The city of Madras was a major center of intellectual, political, and revolutionary activity. The Madras Presidency’s contributions to the Indian independence movement were significant and lasting.