The correct answer is: b) Tribal-dominated districts.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A higher HDI indicates a better quality of life.
Odisha is a state in eastern India. It is the 10th largest state in India by area and the 11th most populous state. The state has a population of over 45 million people.
The HDI scores of Odisha’s districts vary widely. The lowest HDI scores are found in the tribal-dominated districts of the state. These districts are characterized by low levels of education, high rates of poverty, and poor health outcomes.
There are a number of factors that contribute to the low HDI scores of Odisha’s tribal-dominated districts. These factors include:
- Poverty: The tribal population of Odisha is disproportionately poor. According to the 2011 census, the poverty rate among tribals in Odisha was 27.5%, compared to the state average of 17.5%.
- Lack of education: The literacy rate among tribals in Odisha is also low. According to the 2011 census, the literacy rate among tribals in Odisha was 67.7%, compared to the state average of 72.8%.
- Poor health outcomes: The health outcomes of tribals in Odisha are also poor. According to the 2011 census, the infant mortality rate among tribals in Odisha was 68 per 1,000 live births, compared to the state average of 48 per 1,000 live births.
The low HDI scores of Odisha’s tribal-dominated districts are a major concern. The state government has taken a number of initiatives to improve the lives of tribals in the state. However, more needs to be done to address the challenges faced by tribals in Odisha.