The correct answer is: d) Self-Respect Movement.
The Self-Respect Movement was a social reform movement in India that emphasized rationalism, self-respect, and social equality. It was founded by E. V. Ramasamy Naicker in 1925. The movement was against caste discrimination, untouchability, and religious superstition. It also promoted the use of the Tamil language and culture.
The Bhakti movement was a religious movement in India that emphasized devotion to a personal god. It began in the 6th century and continued until the 16th century. The Bhakti movement was against the caste system and religious orthodoxy. It also promoted the use of vernacular languages in religious texts.
The Navodaya movement was a literary movement in India that emphasized the use of simple language and the depiction of contemporary life. It began in the early 20th century and continued until the mid-20th century. The Navodaya movement was against the use of classical Sanskrit and the depiction of idealized life.
The Progressive Writers’ Movement was a literary movement in India that emphasized social realism and political commitment. It began in the 1930s and continued until the 1950s. The Progressive Writers’ Movement was against the use of romanticism and idealism.