The correct answer is (c).
The territorial waters of India extend up to 12 nautical miles from the coast. This is in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which India ratified in 1976. The territorial waters are a part of the country’s territory and are subject to its sovereignty.
The territorial waters are measured from the baseline, which is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal state. The territorial waters include the seabed and subsoil thereof.
The coastal state has full sovereignty over its territorial waters. This includes the right to control all activities in the territorial waters, such as navigation, fishing, and the laying of submarine cables and pipelines.
The coastal state also has the right to establish customs, fiscal, immigration, and sanitary regulations in its territorial waters.
Foreign ships have the right of innocent passage through the territorial waters of India. This means that they may pass through the territorial waters without stopping or entering port, provided that they do not prejudice the peace, good order, or security of India.
The territorial waters of India are an important part of the country’s maritime domain. They provide a buffer zone between India and the high seas, and they are a vital resource for the country’s economy.