The correct answer is: C. Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European Community for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The treaty was adopted at the third Conference of the Parties (COP 3) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005.
The Kyoto Protocol’s first commitment period ran from 2008 to 2012. Under the protocol, industrialized countries committed to reducing their collective emissions of six greenhouse gases by an average of 5% below 1990 levels over the five-year period.
The Kyoto Protocol’s second commitment period ran from 2013 to 2020. Under the protocol, industrialized countries committed to reducing their collective emissions of six greenhouse gases by an average of 18% below 1990 levels over the eight-year period.
The Kyoto Protocol’s third commitment period is currently under negotiation. The goal of the third commitment period is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by an average of 40% below 1990 levels by 2025.
The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is an international treaty that was adopted on 22 March 1985 and entered into force on 22 September 1988. The convention’s objective is to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects of ozone depletion.
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international treaty that was adopted on 16 September 1987 and entered into force on 1 January 1989. The protocol’s objective is to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances.
The Ozone Protocol is a separate treaty from the Vienna Convention, but it is closely linked to the convention. The protocol is a legally binding agreement that sets specific targets for reducing the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances.
The Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol have been successful in protecting the ozone layer. The ozone layer has begun to recover, and the levels of ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere have declined significantly.