The correct answer is C. Behavioral theory.
Behavioral theory is a leadership theory that focuses on the behaviors of leaders. It assumes that leaders can be trained to develop the behaviors that are associated with effective leadership.
There are two main types of behavioral theories:
- The Ohio State studies identified two major dimensions of leadership behavior: initiating structure and consideration.
- The Michigan studies identified two major dimensions of leadership behavior: production orientation and employee orientation.
These studies found that leaders who were high in both initiating structure and consideration were more effective than leaders who were low in either dimension.
Other behavioral theories include the path-goal theory, the leader-member exchange theory, and the situational leadership theory.
A. Flowers theory is not a leadership theory. It is a theory of personality that was developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs.
B. Trait theory is a leadership theory that focuses on the personal characteristics of leaders. It assumes that leaders are born with certain traits that make them effective leaders.
D. Managerial grid is a leadership theory that was developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton. It is based on the idea that there are two main dimensions of leadership behavior: concern for production and concern for people.