The correct answer is (a) Kepler.
Kepler was a German astronomer who discovered the three laws of planetary motion. These laws describe the motion of planets around the Sun. The first law states that the planets orbit the Sun in elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse. The second law states that a line joining a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times. The third law states that the square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.
Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system, which placed the Sun at the center of the solar system. Galileo was an Italian astronomer who made important discoveries about the solar system, including the four largest moons of Jupiter. Newton was an English physicist and mathematician who developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation.
Kepler’s laws of planetary motion were a major breakthrough in astronomy. They provided a mathematical description of the motion of planets around the Sun, and they helped to explain the observed motions of the planets. Kepler’s laws are still used today to calculate the orbits of planets and other celestial bodies.