The correct answer is: d) All of the above
The Kuka Movement, also known as the Namdhari Movement, was a 19th-century movement in Punjab that advocated for Sikh religious reforms, social equality, and boycott of British goods.
The movement was founded by Balak Singh in 1857. Balak Singh was a Sikh preacher who was critical of the corruption and decadence of the Sikh clergy. He called for a return to the simple, pure form of Sikhism that he believed had been practiced by the Gurus.
The Kukas also advocated for social equality. They opposed the caste system and the practice of sati (widow burning). They also promoted education for women.
The Kukas were also opposed to British rule. They boycotted British goods and refused to pay taxes to the British government. In 1872, the Kukas were involved in a rebellion against the British. The rebellion was unsuccessful, and many Kukas were killed or imprisoned.
The Kuka Movement was a significant force in 19th-century Punjab. It played a role in the development of Sikhism and in the struggle for Indian independence.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Sikh religious reforms: The Kukas advocated for a return to the simple, pure form of Sikhism that they believed had been practiced by the Gurus. They opposed the corruption and decadence of the Sikh clergy.
- Social equality: The Kukas also advocated for social equality. They opposed the caste system and the practice of sati (widow burning). They also promoted education for women.
- Boycott of British goods: The Kukas were also opposed to British rule. They boycotted British goods and refused to pay taxes to the British government.
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