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The Khilafat Movement received support from both Hindus and Muslims an

June 1, 2025 by rawan239

The Khilafat Movement received support from both Hindus and Muslims and it was led from the front by Gandhiji. In spite of this, the movement lost momentum. Why ?

Office of Khalifa was abolished in Turkey itself and better terms offered to Turkey

Muslim League's opposition to the Indian National Congress

Special concessions given to the Muslims by the British government

Internal frictions between the Congress and the Muslim League

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2011

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The primary reason for the Khilafat Movement losing momentum was the abolition of the office of Khalifa in Turkey itself.

The Khilafat Movement in India was launched to protest against the harsh terms imposed on the Ottoman Empire and its Sultan (who was considered the Khalifa or Caliph by many Muslims) by the Treaty of Sevres after World War I. The movement demanded that the Khalifa’s control over Muslim holy places be maintained and his territory not be dismembered. However, a nationalist revolution in Turkey led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk abolished the Sultanate in 1922 and formally abolished the Caliphate in March 1924. This act removed the central issue around which the Khilafat movement was based, causing it to collapse. The Treaty of Lausanne (1923) was also more favorable to Turkey, further undermining the original grievances.

While factors like the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement by Gandhi (which had been integrated with the Khilafat movement), communal tensions, and internal differences played a role in weakening the movement, the ultimate external factor that caused its demise was the abolition of the Caliphate by the Turkish government.

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