The correct answer is: a) Indian independence movement.
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was a massacre of unarmed Indian civilians by British Indian Army soldiers in the Jallianwala Bagh garden in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 13 April 1919. The massacre was ordered by Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, and took place during the nonviolent Baisakhi celebrations. Between 379 and 1,500 people were killed and over 1,200 were injured.
The massacre was a turning point in the Indian independence movement. It led to a wave of protests and demonstrations against British rule, and it also contributed to the rise of Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.
The other options are incorrect because:
- Option b) is incorrect because the Partition of India did not occur until 1947.
- Option c) is incorrect because communal tensions had been rising in India for many years before the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
- Option d) is incorrect because the Muslim League was formed in 1906.