The correct answer is: a) India’s freedom struggle.
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a pivotal event in India’s freedom struggle. On April 13, 1919, British Indian Army Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to fire on a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, British India. The shooting lasted for ten minutes, and an estimated 379 to 1,500 people were killed and over 1,200 were injured.
The massacre was a major turning point in the Indian independence movement, and it led to the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1920-22. It also had a profound impact on Mahatma Gandhi, who was deeply affected by the massacre and who later led the Indian independence movement to victory.
The other options are incorrect because:
- The Sikh reform movement was a religious movement that began in the 19th century. It was aimed at reforming Sikhism and making it more relevant to the modern world.
- The Partition of India was the division of British India into two independent dominions, India and Pakistan, in 1947.
- The Indo-Pak Wars were a series of four wars fought between India and Pakistan since 1947.