The introduction of tea cultivation in Assam led to:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above

The introduction of tea cultivation in Assam led to economic transformation, large-scale migration of laborers, and changes in land use patterns.

• Economic transformation: Tea cultivation became a major source of income for the people of Assam. It also led to the development of infrastructure, such as roads and railways, which helped to improve the economy of the region.
• Large-scale migration of laborers: Tea plantations required a large workforce, which led to the migration of people from other parts of India to Assam. This migration had a significant impact on the social and cultural fabric of the region.
• Changes in land use patterns: Tea cultivation required large areas of land, which led to the conversion of forests and other land uses to tea plantations. This had a significant impact on the environment of the region.

In conclusion, the introduction of tea cultivation in Assam had a profound impact on the economy, society, and environment of the region.