The correct answer is D. All of the above.
Salinization is the accumulation of salts in soil and water. It can occur naturally, but it is also caused by human activities such as irrigation. When water evaporates, it leaves behind the salts it contains. Over time, this can lead to the accumulation of high levels of salt in the soil, which can make it difficult for plants to grow.
Lowering of the water table is the decrease in the level of groundwater. It can be caused by a number of factors, including increased pumping of groundwater, drought, and climate change. When the water table drops, it can make it difficult for plants to access water, and it can also lead to the salinization of soils.
Water logging is the accumulation of excess water in the soil. It can occur when there is too much rainfall or when irrigation is not properly managed. Water logging can suffocate plants and make it difficult for them to grow. It can also lead to the salinization of soils.
All of these problems can have a negative impact on agriculture and the environment. It is important to manage groundwater resources carefully to avoid these problems.