The hydrogen bomb and the uranium bomb are based, respectively on

nuclear fusion and fission

fission and thermonuclear fusion

geothermal fission and fusion

geothermal fusion and fission

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2023

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The hydrogen bomb, also known as a thermonuclear bomb, is based on the principle of nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei collide at very high speeds and fuse to form a new, heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy. This reaction typically requires extremely high temperatures, hence “thermonuclear”.
The uranium bomb, or atomic bomb (specifically a fission bomb), is based on the principle of nuclear fission. Nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction in which a heavy nucleus, such as an isotope of uranium or plutonium, splits into lighter nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy.

– Hydrogen bomb uses nuclear fusion.
– Uranium bomb uses nuclear fission.
– Both processes release enormous amounts of energy, but fusion generally releases more energy per unit mass than fission.

Fission bombs are used to ignite fusion reactions in hydrogen bombs, providing the necessary high temperatures and pressures. Nuclear power plants also use controlled nuclear fission reactions to generate electricity.

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