The human eye is like a camera that has a lens with :

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fixed focal length and fixed aperture size.

variable focal length and fixed aperture size.

fixed focal length and variable aperture size.

variable focal length and variable aperture size.

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UPSC NDA-1 – 2024

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The human eye functions much like a camera, possessing features analogous to both a lens and an aperture, both of which can adjust.

The lens of the human eye (specifically the crystalline lens and the cornea) changes its shape through a process called accommodation. This change in shape alters the focal length of the lens, allowing the eye to focus on objects at different distances, similar to a zoom lens in a camera. The iris controls the size of the pupil, which acts as the aperture. By changing the pupil size, the eye regulates the amount of light entering the retina, similar to adjusting the aperture size (f-number) on a camera.

Therefore, the human eye has both variable focal length (through accommodation by the lens) and variable aperture size (controlled by the iris regulating the pupil). Options A, B, and C describe cameras with limitations that the human eye overcomes through its dynamic adjustments.

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