The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher if it performs better on these indicators.
The HDI was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1990 and is used to measure a country’s progress towards achieving its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The HDI is calculated using the following formula:
HDI = (Life expectancy at birth x 0.25) + (Mean years of schooling x 0.25) + (Gross national income per capita (PPP) x 0.25)
The HDI is a useful tool for comparing the development of different countries, but it has been criticized for being too simplistic and for not taking into account other important factors such as inequality and environmental sustainability.
Economic growth is the increase in the amount of goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is usually measured as the annual percentage change in the gross domestic product (GDP). Economic growth is often seen as a sign of a country’s prosperity and development. However, economic growth can also have negative consequences, such as environmental degradation and social inequality.
Social indicators are statistics that measure the quality of life in a country. They can include things like life expectancy, literacy rates, and access to healthcare. Social indicators are important because they can help to identify areas where a country needs to improve.
Environmental sustainability is the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is a complex issue that involves balancing economic development, social equity, and environmental protection. Environmental sustainability is important because it is essential for the long-term health of the planet.