The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
The Hill-Valley divide in Manipur is a socio-economic and political divide between the people of the hills and the people of the valley. The people of the hills are mostly tribal people, while the people of the valley are mostly Meitei people. The Hill-Valley divide has often contributed to inter-community tensions, economic disparities, and different forms of political mobilization.
Inter-community tensions: The Hill-Valley divide has often led to inter-community tensions between the people of the hills and the people of the valley. These tensions have been exacerbated by factors such as competition for resources, land, and jobs.
Economic disparities: The Hill-Valley divide has also led to economic disparities between the people of the hills and the people of the valley. The people of the hills are generally poorer than the people of the valley. This is due to a number of factors, such as the lack of development in the hills, the lack of access to education and employment opportunities, and the exploitation of natural resources by people from the valley.
Different forms of political mobilization: The Hill-Valley divide has also led to different forms of political mobilization. The people of the hills have often mobilized to demand greater autonomy or independence from the state of Manipur. The people of the valley have often mobilized to demand greater integration of the hills into the state of Manipur.
The Hill-Valley divide is a complex issue with a long history. It is a major challenge to the peace and stability of Manipur.