The heavy day soils that show significant expansion and contraction due to the presence or absence of moisture is called

The correct answer is B. Vertisols.

Vertisols are a type of soil that is characterized by high clay content and a high shrink-swell potential. This means that when the soil is wet, it expands and becomes sticky. When the soil is dry, it shrinks and cracks. This expansion and contraction can cause significant problems for agriculture and infrastructure.

Vertisols are found in semi-arid and tropical regions around the world. They are most common in Australia, India, and the United States.

The other options are incorrect for the following reasons:

• Aridisols are a type of soil that is characterized by low rainfall and high evaporation. They are found in arid and semi-arid regions around the world.
• Histosols are a type of soil that is composed of organic matter. They are found in wetlands and bogs.
• Andisols are a type of soil that is formed from volcanic ash. They are found in volcanic regions around the world.