The ‘head count ratio’ relates to which one of the following?

The ‘head count ratio’ relates to which one of the following?

The poverty line
Millennium development goals
Food insecurity
Population growth
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Geoscientist – 2020
The ‘head count ratio’ is a widely used measure in the study of poverty. It represents the proportion of the population whose income or consumption level falls below the defined poverty line.
It is calculated as the number of individuals below the poverty line divided by the total population, expressed as a percentage. A higher head count ratio indicates greater poverty incidence.
While simple to understand, the head count ratio does not capture the severity of poverty (how far below the line people are) or inequality among the poor. Other measures like the poverty gap index or squared poverty gap index provide additional information.