The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
The Utkal Sammilani movement was a socio-cultural and political movement that was started in 1866 to promote the Odia language and culture. The movement was successful in raising awareness about the Odia identity and in getting the Odia language recognized as a separate language.
The development of Odia literature also played a major role in the growth of Odia nationalism. Odia literature flourished in the late 19th century and many great Odia writers emerged during this period. These writers wrote about the Odia people, their culture, and their history. This helped to create a sense of pride among the Odia people and to promote the Odia identity.
The opposition to the partition of Bengal (1905) was also a major factor in the growth of Odia nationalism. The partition of Bengal was a plan to divide the Bengal Presidency into two provinces, one of which would be predominantly Muslim and the other predominantly Hindu. The Odia people opposed the partition because they feared that it would weaken the Odia language and culture. The opposition to the partition helped to unite the Odia people and to promote the Odia identity.
In conclusion, the growth of Odia nationalism in the late 19th century was fostered by the Utkal Sammilani movement, the development of Odia literature, and the opposition to the partition of Bengal (1905). All of these factors helped to create a sense of pride among the Odia people and to promote the Odia identity.