The Government of India refers to the absolute poverty line in terms

The Government of India refers to the absolute poverty line in terms of

household savings
household consumption
household investment
household income
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2013
The correct option is B.
– The official measure of absolute poverty in India is traditionally based on a poverty line defined in terms of minimum consumption expenditure.
– This consumption expenditure is estimated based on the cost of a basket of goods and services deemed essential for meeting minimum nutritional requirements and other basic needs (like clothing, shelter, etc.).
– Various expert groups (like Alagh, Lakdawala, Tendulkar, and Rangarajan Committees) have defined poverty lines based on different methodologies, but all have used per capita or household *consumption expenditure* as the primary metric, not income, savings, or investment.
– Income data is often harder to collect accurately, especially in the informal sector, making consumption expenditure a more reliable indicator for poverty measurement in India.
The Tendulkar Committee (2009) shifted the rural poverty line to a consumption level derived from the urban poverty line basket, moving away from just calorie norms. The Rangarajan Committee (2014) suggested a slightly higher poverty line based on different consumption norms but also used consumption expenditure. The debate continues regarding the appropriate methodology and figures, but the basis remains consumption.