The correct answer is: C. The Constitution of erstwhile USSR
The Fundamental Duties are a set of moral obligations that are expected of all Indian citizens. They were added to the Indian Constitution in 1976, and they are inspired by the Constitution of the erstwhile USSR.
The Fundamental Duties are as follows:
- To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
- To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
- To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
- To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
- To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; and to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
- To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures.
- To develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
- To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
- To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.
- To provide opportunities for education and to promote adult education.
The Fundamental Duties are important because they help to promote a sense of national unity and integration. They also help to protect the rights of all citizens and to ensure that the country is developed in a sustainable way.
The Australian Constitution, the British Constitution, and the Canadian Constitution do not have any provisions that are similar to the Fundamental Duties.