The correct answer is: A. Kalpana Chawla
Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian-born woman to go into space. She was born in Karnal, Haryana, India on March 17, 1962. She received her Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from Punjab Engineering College in Chandigarh, India in 1982. She then moved to the United States to attend the University of Texas at Arlington, where she received her Master of Science degree in aerospace engineering in 1984. She later received her Ph.D. in aerospace engineering from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1988.
After receiving her Ph.D., Chawla worked as a research scientist at NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California. She was involved in the development of the Space Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (RMS). She also worked on the development of the Space Station Freedom.
In 1994, Chawla was selected by NASA to be an astronaut. She was the first Indian-born woman to be selected by NASA. She flew her first space shuttle mission in 1997 on STS-87. She flew her second space shuttle mission in 2000 on STS-107.
On January 16, 2003, Chawla and six other astronauts were killed when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during re-entry. She was 41 years old.
The Kalpana Chawla State University for Women is a women’s university located in Khanpur Kalan, Haryana, India. It was established in 2008. The university offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in a variety of disciplines.
The other options are incorrect because:
- Swami Shraddhanand was a Hindu religious leader and social reformer. He was born in 1856 in the village of Sialkot, Punjab, British India (now in Pakistan). He was a disciple of Swami Dayananda Saraswati, the founder of the Arya Samaj. Shraddhanand was a strong advocate for Hindu-Muslim unity. He was assassinated in 1926 by a Muslim fanatic.
- Bhagat Phool Singh was a freedom fighter and social reformer. He was born in 1876 in the village of Jhajjar, Haryana, British India (now in India). He was a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi. Phool Singh was a strong advocate for the rights of the downtrodden. He was also a founder of the Arya Samaj in Haryana.
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati was a Hindu religious leader and social reformer. He was born in 1824 in the village of Tankara, Gujarat, British India (now in India). He was the founder of the Arya Samaj. Dayanand Saraswati was a strong advocate for the revival of Hinduism. He was also a critic of caste and untouchability.