The first Indian Factories Act was passed in :

1858

1861

1881

1905

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UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2022

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The correct answer is C) 1881. The first Indian Factories Act was passed in 1881 during the tenure of Lord Ripon. This Act was a limited measure primarily aimed at regulating the working conditions of child labourers (below 12 years old) in factories employing 100 or more workers.

– The Act was influenced by British textile manufacturers’ pressure to prevent Indian mills from having a cost advantage due to lower labour standards, as well as humanitarian concerns.
– It prohibited the employment of children below 7 years, limited working hours for children between 7 and 12, and mandated a few holidays.

The Act of 1881 was criticized for its limited scope and loopholes. Subsequent Acts (like in 1891, 1911, etc.) were passed to address more aspects of factory work, including the working hours of women and adult men, and safety conditions.

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