The first bilateral air exercise, ‘Veer Guardian 23’ is the joint venture of which of the following countries ?

The correct answer is (b). India and Japan.

Veer Guardian is a bilateral air exercise between the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF). The first exercise was held in 2015, and the latest exercise was held in 2022. The exercises are designed to improve interoperability between the two air forces and to promote cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region.

India and Japan are strategic partners, and the two countries have been working together to promote peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. The Veer Guardian exercises are a key part of this cooperation, and they have helped to improve the interoperability of the two air forces.

The exercises have also helped to promote cooperation between the two countries in other areas, such as disaster relief and humanitarian assistance. The Veer Guardian exercises are a valuable asset to the India-Japan strategic partnership, and they will continue to play an important role in promoting peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region.

The other options are incorrect because they do not refer to the bilateral air exercise, ‘Veer Guardian 23’.